Oil and natural gas companies are a crucial part of Russia's economy. The energy sector is a staple of the investing world, and it comprised, on average, 43% of government revenue between 2011 and 2020.1

The country has some of the largest multinational oil and gas companies in the world because it also has some of the largest known reserves.

Below are six of the largest Russian oil and gas companies that together with one unlisted company, Tatneft, accounted for 81% of Russia's oil production in 2020.1 This list is limited to companies that trade in the United States or Canada, either on an exchange or over the counter (OTC). All data is sourced from YCharts as of Feb. 27, 2022.

1. Gazprom (OGZPY)

• Revenue (TTM): $117.4 billion

• Net Income (TTM): $25.7 billion

• Market Cap: $62.7 billion

• 1-Year Trailing Total Return: -6.35%

• 30-Day Average Daily Volume: 1.29 million

With trailing 12-month revenue of $117 billion, Gazprom is both Russia's and the world's largest natural gas company.2 It is a majority government-owned company focused on geological exploration within Russia, as well as production, transmission, storage, processing, and marketing of natural gas and other hydrocarbons. Gazprom is a major supplier of natural gas to Europe, which received 89% of Russia's natural gas exports in 2020.

2. Rosneft (OJSCY)

• Revenue (TTM): $111.1 billion

• Net Income (TTM): $12 billion

• Market Cap: $45.9 billion

• 1-Year Trailing Total Return: -27.39%

• 30-Day Average Daily Volume: 12,125

Rosneft, also a majority state-owned enterprise, is the overall leader of Russia's petroleum industry and is one of the world’s largest publicly-traded oil and gas companies. The company explores, extracts, and produces petroleum products and petrochemicals, but is also involved in natural gas exploration and production. Rosneft is included in the Russian government’s List of Strategic Enterprises and Organizations.3 Some stocks listed here have very low trading volume, which can increase trading costs or make it difficult to exit a position.

3. Lukoil (LUKOY)

• Revenue (TTM): $106.4 billion

• Net Income (TTM): $7.7 billion

• Market Cap: $32.4 billion

• 1-Year Trailing Total Return: -29.8%

• 30-Day Average Daily Volume: 232,961

PJSC Lukoil is a Russian company that was originally government-controlled but is now Russia's largest company not controlled by the state and its second-largest oil producer.4 Its main operations encompass the exploration and production of petroleum products and natural gas. While it specializes in (and was founded for) exploration and production in western Siberia—where the majority of the company's oil and gas reserves are located—Lukoil is a major player in the energy industry worldwide. 4. Gazprom Neft (GZPFY)

• Revenue (TTM): $40.6 billion

• Net Income (TTM): $6.8 billion

• Market Cap: $23.9 billion

• 1-Year Trailing Total Return: 15.5%

• 30-Day Average Daily Volume: 15,813

Though a subsidiary of Gazprom, which owns nearly 96% of common shares, Gazprom Neft remains a publicly-traded company. The company, formerly known as Sibneft, is Russia's third-largest oil producer. 5. Surgutneftegas (SGTPY)

• Revenue (TTM): $19.1 billion

• Net Income (TTM): $6.1 billion

• Market Cap: $12.3 billion

• 1-Year Trailing Total Return: -22.5%

• 30-Day Average Daily Volume: 173,600

Surgutneftegas is a Russian oil and gas company formed by merging several former government-owned companies. Its main interests are the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, manufacturing and marketing of petroleum products, as well as gas processing and oil refining. It employs over 100,000 people and had sales of $24.7 billion as of 2020, which made it Russia's sixth-largest company.

6. Novatek (NOVKY)

• Revenue (TTM): $15.7 billion

• Net Income (TTM): $5.9 billion

• Market Cap: $38.8 billion

• 1-Year Trailing Total Return: -25.2%

• 30-Day Average Daily Volume: 611

Novatek is Russia's largest independent natural gas producer and is the second-largest natural gas producer in Russia behind Gazprom. The company engages in the exploration, production, and processing of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons. Novatek has the third-largest proven natural gas reserves of any company in the world, with roughly 2.26 billion cubic meters as of year-end 2021.7